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Foreword ix
Preface xi
Introduction xiii
PART ONE EARLY HISTORY
1 The Origins of the Volga Tatars...... 3
2 The Bulgar State....... 10
3 The Mongol Conquest..... 17
4 The Kazan Khanate........ 24
PART TWO
THE VOLGA TATARS
AND THE RUSSIAN STATE
5 Annexation of the Kazan Khanate and Russian Policies Toward the Tatars..... 37
6 Reformism: A Re-evaluation of Religious Thought.......... 48
7 Reformism at Work: The Emergence of a Religious-Secular Symbiosis........... 65
8 Education............ 84
9 Tatar Jadids in Politics............ 104
PART THREE
THE VOLGA TATARS
AND THE SOVIET STATE
10 The Revolution: From Cultural Autonomy to the Tatar ASSR........ 125
11 National Communism and the Tatar ASSR Before World War II......... 142
12 Cultural Resilience and National Identity in the Post-World War II Period........ 157
Conclusion................ 177
Appendix
Glossary
Notes
Bibliography
Index......... 111
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