Dannij sbornik yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom semiletnikh issledovanij, provodimikh na dosuge; v nёm soderzhitsya bolee 5000 poslovits na chetirёkh yazikakh: 1276 na russkom, 1707 na ukrainskom, 1250 na anglijskom i 1210 na frantsuzskom.
Le présent recueil de proverbes est le résultat d'une recherche de 7 ans fait aux heures de loisir; il constitue une collection de 5000 proverbes en quatre langues: 1250 proverbes anglais, 1210 français, 1276 russes et 1707 ukrainiens.
The present volume constitutes a collection of more that 5000 proverbs in four languages: 1250 English proverbs, 1210 French, 1276 Russian and 1707 Ukrainian proverbs. I have been compiling proverbs for seven years during in-tervals of business.
Danij zbіrnik є rezul'tatom semirіchnikh doslіdzhen', yakі provodilisya na dozvіllі; u n'omu znakhodit'sya bіl'she 5 000 prislіv'їv: 1276 rosіjs'koyu, 1707 ukraїns'koyu, 1250 anglіjs'koyu ta 1210 frantsuz'koyu movami.
Ot sostavitelya |
Vid avtora |
Note from the compiler |
Pr'eface de l'auteur
|
A good maxim is never out of season |
Proverbe ne peut mentir |
Poslovitsa nedarom molvitsya |
Nema pripovidki bez pravdi
|
Supplement. |
| Proverbs for businessmen |
Annexe. |
| Proverbes a l'intention des homes d'affaires |
Prilozhenie. |
| Poslovitsi dlya delovikh lyudej |
Dodatok. |
| Prisliv'ya dlya dilovikh lyudej
|
Alphabetical index |
Index alphab'etique |
Alfavitnij ukazatel' |
Alfavitnij pokazchik |
Poslovitsi i pogovorki -- eto korotkie izrecheniya, vobravshie
v sebya narodnuyu mudrost'. Oni imeyut yarkuyu emotsional'nuyu
okrasku, legko i prochno zapominayutsya blagodarya rifme. Eto khodyachie aforizmi.
Vozniknovenie poslovits otnositsya k glubokoj drevnosti; oni zakreplyayut
nakoplennij narodom trudovoj, zhitejskij, sotsial'nij opit i peredayut ego
posleduyuschim pokoleniyam. Istochniki poyavleniya poslovits dovol'no raznoobrazni.
Glavnie iz nikh -- neposredstvennie zhiznennie nablyudeniya lyudej; chast'
poslovits i pogovorok, bituyuschikh v narode, voskhodit k knizhnim istochnikam.
Zapisyami poslovits zanimalis' grecheskie, aleksandrijskie i rimskie uchenie.
Esche Aristotelyu pripisivali pervie zapisi poslovits. V 1500 g. Erazm
Rotterdamskij izdaet svod antichnikh poslovits "Adagia". Pervoe nauchnoe
sobranie russkikh poslovits prinadlezhit Snegirevu, prodolzhatelyami ego yavilis'
Buslaev i Dal'.
Dannij sbornik yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom semiletnikh issledovanij, provodimikh
na dosuge; v nёm soderzhitsya bolee 5000 poslovits na chetirёkh yazikakh: 1276
na russkom, 1707 na ukrainskom, 1250 na anglijskom i 1210 na frantsuzskom. Ideya
sozdaniya dannogo sbornika frazeologicheskikh ekvivalentov zarodilas' u menya
davno. Predlagaemij chitatelyu sbornik imeet prakticheskuyu napravlennost',
v nёm sobrani te poslovitsi i pogovorki, kotorie obladayut ekvivalentami
v sootvetstvuyuschikh trёkh yazikakh. Vi sprosite, pochemu ya vibrala imenno eti yaziki?
Vo-pervikh, ya kubanskaya kazachka po proiskhozhdeniyu i virosla
v mnogonatsional'noj srede, a imenno v russkoj i ukrainskoj, s detskikh let
vpitivaya krasotu, bogatstvo i melodichnost' etikh dvukh yazikov cherez skazki
i narodnie pesni. Vo-vtorikh, ya filolog po obrazovaniyu i izuchala anglijskij
i fratsuzskij yaziki na fakul'tete romano-germanskoj filologii v Krasnodare.
V-tret'ikh, mne predstavilas' zamechatel'naya vozmozhnost' zhit' i rabotat'
v anglo- i frankogovoryaschikh stranakh.
Dannoe issledovanie provodilos' na osnove sopostavitel'nogo analiza. IzNza
mnozhestva sinonimov dlya kazhdoj iz sobrannikh poslovits ikh klassifitsikatsiya
ni v alfavitnom poryadke, ni po tematicheskim gruppam okazalos' nevozmozhnoj.
V rezul'tate chego vse poslovitsi bili klassifitsirovani po sinonimicheskim
gruppam s ekvivalentami na trёkh drugikh yazikakh; obratite vnimanie, chto eto
ne doslovnij perevod kazhdoj iz poslovits na drugoj yazik, a nabor sinonimov
na kazhdom iz chetirёkh yazikov. Poslovitsi, identichno sformulirovannie na dvukh,
trёkh ili chetirёkh yazikakh, videleni zhirnim shriftom. Kazhdaya sinonimicheskaya
gruppa imeet svoj poryadkovij nomer, chto oblegchaet poisk v baze dannikh.
Alfavitnij ukazatel' prilagaetsya.
russkij |
---|
ukrainskij | anglijskij | frantsuzskij |
Zapretnij plod vsegda sladok | Zaboronenij plid -- solodkij | Forbidden fruit is sweet |
Rien n'est bon comme fruit d'efendu
Na zapretnij tovar ves' bazar | | Stolen pleasures are sweetest | Chose prohib'ee, est d'autant plus d'esir'ee |
Zapretnij plod sladok, a chelovek padok | | | Pain d'efendu r'eveille l'appetit |
Uverena, chto dannij sbornik zainteresuet ne tol'ko professionalov, a imenno
perevodchikov, filologov i prepodavatelej, no takzhe uchenikov i studentov,
kotorie, k moemu velikomu sozhaleniyu, ne ispol'zuyut v svoej obikhodnoj rechi
poslovitsi. A ved' oni soderzhat v sebe mudrost' nashikh predkov, dayut
vozmozhnost' tochno i lakonichno peredat' chuvstva, obogaschaya nashu rech'.
Poslovitsi igrayut vazhnuyu rol' i pri izuchenii inostrannogo yazika, tak kak
proiskhodit soprikosnovenie s kul'turoj naroda, fol'klorom, v tom chisle
poslovitsami i pogovorkami.
V zaklyuchenie khotelos' bi otmetit', chto dannij sbornik prigoditsya i mnogim
delovim lyudyam, sdelaet ikh rech' yarche, bogache i budet sposobstvovat' povisheniyu
effektivnosti obscheniya, delaya besedu na inostrannom yazike bolee zhivoj
i svobodnoj. Oni smogut blesnut' poznaniyami inostrannogo yazika, ispol'zuya
poslovitsi iz prilozheniya v kontse dannogo sbornika.
Proverbs have long history; its function is to teach and advise people. They
guide people to adopt a correct attitude towards life and to take a proper
way to get along well with others. Proverb is defined by Mieder as "a short
sentence of wisdom" and by Wander "like butterflies, some are caught, some
fly away". They are born, live, die and preserve the poetical and vital
treasury for future generations. "Among the Ibo the art of conversation is
regarded very highly, and proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are
eaten". (Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe, Nigeria.)
Due to their simple sentence structure, rhythm and rhyme, proverbs are
fairly easy to memorize and easily retrievable from memory. In fact, many
typical British proverbs were handed over from French in medieval times as
equivalents, and often as direct translations. At the same time, there are a
few that have the same implied meaning but are expressed in a totally
different way in each language. Just as many French proverbs derive from
Latin, very many British proverbs derive from French ones due to much
contact. It is important to note that Bible is essential for British and
American cultures and influences every aspect of its life. Consequently,
many sayings and sentences in Bible have been popularly accepted. With the
development of society, a language cannot avoid contacting with other
languages. English language absorbed a large number of proverbs from other
languages including Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Dutch,
Hebrew, Arabic, and other languages. Finally, many English proverbs involve
events or characters of English literature, Shakespeare's works are probably
the most colorful literature origin of proverbs.
Proverbs deal with various aspects of life and are said to constitute an
encyclopedia of popular wisdom. A great way to improve your understanding of
a foreign language, culture, people and history is to study proverbs. Often
proverbs run in pairs: every proverb seems to be contradicted by another
proverb with an opposed message, such as "many hands make light work" and
"too many cooks spoil the broth".
The present volume constitutes a collection of more that 5000 proverbs in
four languages: 1250 English proverbs, 1210 French, 1276 Russian and 1707
Ukrainian proverbs. I have been compiling proverbs for seven years during
intervals of business. Why these four particular languages? First, I am
originally Cossack and was brought up in a multicultural environment, i.e.
Russian and Ukrainian. Second, I am a linguist and studied English and
French at the Kuban University in Krasnodar. Moreover, I have been working
in French and English-speaking countries for years. Finally, I master all
the four languages that made easier my research.
Due to multitude of synonyms for each proverb, it turned out impossible to
classify the proverbs either in alphabetic order or in thematic groups.
Therefore, the proverbs were classified in synonymic groups with their
equivalents in the other three languages. Take note that it is not a mere
translation of proverbs but a set of synonyms in each of the four languages
(see the below example). The proverbs that are worded the same way in several
languages are highlighted. Each synonymic group is numbered that facilitates
search in the database. Moreover, an alphabetical index is enclosed.
Russian |
---|
Ukrainian | English | French |
Zapretnij plod vsegda sladok | Zaboronenij plid -- solodkij | Forbidden fruit is sweet |
Rien n'est bon comme fruit d'efendu
Na zapretnij tovar ves' bazar | | Stolen pleasures are sweetest | Chose prohib'ee, est d'autant plus d'esir'ee |
Zapretnij plod sladok, a chelovek padok | | | Pain d'efendu r'eveille l'appetit |
I am sure that this volume will be of use not only for linguists but also
for students who unfortunately are rapidly loosing their father's memory of
and taste for proverbs and do not make good use of proverbs in their
everyday speech. In addition, the enclosed supplement of proverbs will be of
great use for businessmen and businesswoman. Using proverbs gives spice to
conversation, moreover the person quoting clever sayings knows that he gains
in the estimation of his fellows for showing himself as well read. Without
proverbs our language would be tasteless like rainwater.
Chus' Galina Nikolaevna
Rodilas' v Semipalatinske (Kazakhstan). Zakonchila fakul'tet romano-germanskoj filologii v KGU v Krasnodare i Mezhdunarodnij atlanticheskij universitet na Gavajyakh po spetsial'nosti «okhrana okruzhayuschej sredi». Zanimalas' pedagogicheskoj i perevodcheskoj deyatel'nost'yu. S 1996 g. rabotaet v oblasti razvitiya v Organizatsii Ob'edinennikh Natsij v razvivayuschikhsya stranakh.
Galina CHUS
Born in Kazakhstan. Graduated with the Master's degree in philology from the Kuban State University. Got the Master of Science in environment from the Atlantic International University in Hawaii. Worked as a teacher and translator. From 1995 she has been working on development issues with the United Nations in developing countries.