Ed.: Комаров А.А. // Komarov A.A. Нет Севера, а есть Северá:
О многообразии понятия «Cевер» в Норвегии и России. // Net Severa, a est’ Severá. The manifold ideas of the North in Norway and Russia. (Papers in Russian and English languages)

Soderzhanie

Predislovie

Predstavlyaemaya vashemu vnimaniyu kniga "Net Severa, a est' Severá. O mnogoobrazii ponyatiya "Sever"" – eto rezul'tat raboti uchastnikov provedennoj v aprele 2013 g. v severo-zapadnoj chasti Rossii, v gorode Arkhangel'ske, v Severnom (Arkticheskom) Federal'nom universitete im.M.V.Lomonosova (SAFU) mezhdunarodnoj konferentsii s odnoimennim nazvaniem. Konferentsiya bila organizovana v sotrudnichestve partnerov iz SAFU i Universiteta Tromsñ – Arkticheskogo universiteta Norvegii, kotorie bolee semi let uchastvovali v sovmestnom norvezhsko-rossijskom issledovatel'skom proekte "Asimmetrichnoe sosedstvo: Norvegiya i Rossiya 1814–2014". Dannaya konferentsiya bila priurochena k prazdnovaniyu 20Íti letnej godovschini so vremeni osnovaniya transnatsional'nogo Barentseva Evro-Arkticheskogo regiona (1993–2013).

Proekt "Asimmetrichnoe sosedstvo: Norvegiya i Rossiya1814–2014" bil nachat v 2008 g. po initsiative Instituta istorii i religiovedeniya Universiteta Tromsñ – Arkticheskogo universiteta Norvegii s tsel'yu izucheniya istorii otnoshenij mezhdu dvumya stranami i razvitiya nauchno-obrazovatel'nogo sotrudnichestva mezhdu Rossiej i Norvegiej. Uchastnikami proekta takzhe yavlyalis' Institut vseobschej istorii RAN i Norvezhskij institut oboronnikh issledovanij. Proekt bil zavershen v 2015 g., i ego rezul'tati bili predstavleni v izdannikh knigakh: "Russland kommer naermere: Norge og Russland 1814–1917" (Sblizhenie: Norvegiya i Rossiya 1814–1917) (1 tom) i "Naboer i frykt og forventning: Norge og Russland 1917–2014" (Trevogi i ozhidaniya. Norvegiya i Rossiya 1917–2014) (2 tom). Etot dvukhtomnik opisivaet v khronologii istoriyu norvezhsko-rossijskikh/sovetskikh dvukhstoronnikh otnoshenij v tselom i delaet osobij aktsent na razvitii vzaimootnoshenij mezhdu severnimi regionami dvukh gosudarstv. Takoj aktsent yavlyaetsya vpolne estestvennim, tak kak Rossiya i Norvegiya imeyut obschuyu granitsu na Krajnem Severe, gde za poslednie 200 let kak raz ustanovilis' samie tesnie i stabil'nie vzaimootnosheniya.

V nastoyaschee vremya interes k severnim regionam i Severu v tselom ne tol'ko v Rossii i v Norvegii, no i v drugikh stranakh neuklonno vozrastaet. Sever – eto obschaya tema dlya norvezhtsev i rossiyan ne tol'ko v geograficheskom i mezhgosudarstvennom izmereniyakh, no i v plane poznaniya chelovecheskogo mentaliteta i temperamenta severyan. Dlya Norvegii neosporimo zvuchit zayavlenie o tom, chto Sever sluzhit osnovoj formirovaniya natsional'noj identichnosti bol'shinstva norvezhtsev. I v Rossii etot vopros schitaetsya takzhe prakticheski reshennim, sudya po utverzhdeniyam mnogikh avtorov nashej knigi. Oni pishut ob opredelennikh ideologicheskikh i emotsional'nikh tsennostyakh, svyazannikh s Severom i zalozhennikh v russkom mentalitete, kotorie imeyut svoi korni v dalekom proshlom.

Predstavlyaemaya vashemu vnimaniyu antologiya sostoit iz statej, napisannikh na dvukh yazikakh: russkom i anglijskom. V tekh sluchayakh, kogda stat'ya napisana na russkom yazike, k nej prilagaetsya ee kratkoe soderzhanie na anglijskom yazike, i naoborot.

Ot imeni redaktorov knigi khotim serdechno poblagodarit' vsekh avtorov za ikh vklad v podgotovku dannogo izdaniya. V etu gruppu voshli uchenie iz raznikh severnikh gorodov, takikh kak Arkhangel'sk, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Kirkenes, Tromsñ, a takzhe Oslo i Moskva. Krome togo, v knigu voshli stat'i ekspertov po Severu iz drugikh stran, takikh kak Niderlandi i Finlyandiya. K sozhaleniyu, v 2014 g., v protsesse podgotovki knigi odin iz avtorov, izvestnij norvezhskij fol'klorist Ulav Kristensen ushel iz zhizni. Mi gluboko sozhaleem o ego prezhdevremennoj konchine. Tem ne menee, Ulav Kristensen uspel podgotovit' stat'yu o Severe i natsional'noj identichnosti norvezhtsev dlya nashej knigi. Ego stat'ya mozhet po pravu schitat'sya odnoj iz samikh uvlekatel'nikh i vazhnikh v dannom izdanii.

Foreword

The book "Net Severa, a Est' Severá" is the result of a conference by the same name, which was conducted at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University, named after M.V.Lomonosov (NArFU), in Arkhangelsk, Northern Russia on April 8–9 2013. This conference was organized in collaboration with NArFU's Norwegian partner university, The University of Tromso – The Arctic University of Norway, within the framework of the joint Norwegian-Russian history research project "Neighbourly Asymmetry: Norway and Russia 1814–2014". The conference was timed to coincide with the 20$^th$ anniversary of the establishment of the transnational Barents Euro-Arctic Region (1993–2013).

The project "Neighbourly Asymmetry: Norway and Russia 1814–2014" was initiated in 2008 by the Department of History and Religious Studies at The University of Tromso – The Arctic University of Norway, to explore the historical relations between the two countries and strengthen the collaboration between Russia and Norway within the field of history with regard to both research and education. Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies also participated in the project. The project was finalized in 2014–2015 and resulted in two large volumes; "Getting closer: Norway and Russia 1814–1917" and "Anxieties and Expectations. Norway and Russia 1917–2014". The two-volume work encompasses Norwegian-Russian / Soviet bilateral connections at large, but with a central focus on the northern dimension of these neighbourly relations. Such a focus is all the more natural, since the two countries have their common state border in the High North and, over the last two hundred years, levels of contact between Norway and Russia have been broadest and tightest here. There is currently an increasing interest in the northern regions and northernness in Norway and Russia, as well as in many other countries. North, in Russian Sever, is a theme that unites Norway and Russia, not only when it comes to geography and interstate relations, but also in the human field with regard to mentality and temperament. As for Norway, it is hardly controversial to state that northernness, in a positive sense, is part of the national identity of most Norwegians. In Russia's case, this is not a foregone conclusion. Still, most of the authors in this anthology think that certain ideological and emotional values related to the North are internalized in Russian mentality and that this goes far back in history.

This anthology consists of articles in two different languages, Russian and English. In those cases where the article is written in Russian, there will be a summary or abstract in English – and vice versa. The editors want to thank the team of authors heartily for their contributions. The authors come from northern cities like Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Kirkenes, Tromso and Oslo, but we have also included articles by experts on northernness from third countries, i.e. the Netherlands and Finland. We are sorry to inform you of the death of one of the authors, Olav Christensen, a well-known Norwegian folklorist, who passed away in 2014. He managed to prepare his article on Norwegian northernness and national identity before he was taken ill. Olav Christensen's article is clearly one of the most interesting in the anthology, one which adorns the book. We deeply regret his untimely death.