I | NTRODUCTION |
| Abbreviations |
Chapter 1. The superfluid 3He-B properties underlying the model of superfluid physical vacuum |
Chapter 2. The vortex-wave process in the superfluid
physical vacuum |
Chapter 3. The matter waves |
Chapter 4. Equations describing the Doppler effect for light
and the results of the Fizeau experiment. The postulate
of constancy of the speed of light |
| 4.1. | The Ritz emission theory |
| 4.2. | The Doppler effect for light |
| 4.3. | Propagation of light through a moving medium.
The Fizeau experiment. |
Chapter 5. The electric dipole moment due to the matter
waves of quantum objects |
Chapter 6. Superconductivity |
| 6.1. | The electric dipole moment of a Cooper pair |
| 6.2. | The creation of Cooper pairs |
Chapter 7. Magnetism |
Chapter 8. Interactions of objects in the physical vacuum through spin supercurrents |
| 8.1. | The action of ultra-low doses of biologically active substances on biological objects |
| 8.2. | On the remote mental influence on physical systems (psychokinesis) |
CONCLUSION |
References |
In the second half of the 20^th century, some works, e.g. [1--3], were published where a model of physical vacuum as
a superfluid consisting of pairs of oppositely charged particles,
the fermions, with zero total spin of a pair was proposed. Such
a model explained the dielectric properties of the vacuum and
the production of pairs of electrically charged unlike particles
(for example, electron and positron) in the vacuum. The
superfluid properties of physical vacuum explained as well the
dissipation free motion of celestial bodies, such as the planets
of the solar system. With the advances in condensed matter
physics, the concept of vacuum was further enhanced: the phase
transitions in vacuum, similar to the phase transitions in
superfluid 3He-B [4, 5], came to be treated. In [6--8], the
connection of particle physics and cosmology with condensed
matter physics was established on the basis of properties of
superfluid3He.
In the present work, see also [9, 10], the analogy between the
properties of physical vacuum and those of superfluid 3He-B has
been extended considerably. Mainly, this extension was done by
taking into account the properties of vortices produced in
superfluid 3He-B: the spin and electric polarization of the
medium in vortices, inertial properties of and spin
supercurrents between the vortices.
In Chapter 1, the properties of superfluid 3He-B taken as
a basis of the model of physical vacuum advanced in this book
are presented. From now on the physical vacuum with such
properties will be referred to as the superfluid physical vacuum
(the SPV).
In Chapter 2, on the basis of the SPV properties and the
model of three-dimensional Euclidean space and independent time
the equations describing the propagation of the vortex-wave
process in the SPV are derived. These equations can be treated
as the equations of propagation of spin-magnetic disturbances in
the SPV (spins of the particles constituting the SPV are in
question; hereafter the particles are referred to as
"microparticles"). The electric phenomena are accompanying
ones in the process. It is shown that the Maxwell equations that
describe the propagation of electric and magnetic disturbances
follow from the derived equations.
In Chapter 3, it is shown that the wave properties of
quantum objects may be determined by a real physical process:
production of vortices in the SPV by the objects.
According to the properties of the SPV, in the vortices there is
precession of spins of microparticles that constitute the SPV,
the frequency of the preces is assumed to be equal to
the frequency of the Schrцdinger wave function for the quantum
object. The validity of the above assumptions is based on that
they account for a number of experimentally observe d phenomena:
the emission of a photon when the atom changes its energy state,
the interaction of photon with quantum objects, the phase
correlation of photons, the Cherenkov--Vavilov effect, the
"relativistic" increase in.
If light is considered to be a process in the SPV, then such
a "luminiferous ether" gives rise to a number of problems to be
solved. In particular, it is necessary to show that the
experimentally proven kinematic equations of special relativity
can be derived on the basis of the model of three-dimensional
Euclidean space and time independent of the spatial coordinates.
A solution to this problem is given in Chapter 4. It is
shown that on the basis of the Ritz emission theory, the
Galilean addition of velocities and with due account for the
interaction between light and the measuring system or the
transparent medium it is possible to derive the equations for
the description of the transverse and longitudinal Doppler
effects and the results of the Fizean experiment, which coincide
to a high accuracy with similar equations derived in special
relativity. It is shown that in the interaction of a photon with
the measuring system the energy of circularly polarized photon
is transformed according to the same principles as the energy of
a moving body having intrinsic rotations with respect to the
center of mass. On the basis of an analysis of experimental and
theoretical data, a hypothesis is advanced that the speed of
light undergoes equalization to the value of fundamental
constant c in vacuum in those reference frames where
material objects have wave properties.
According to the properties of the SPV, the electric
polarization of the SPV takes place in the cores of vortices.
Consequently, if the wave properties of quantum objects are due
to creation of vortices by them in the SPV, then there is an
electric dipole moment associated with matter waves of the
quantum objects (the moment is referred to as the MW-EDM in this
work). In Chapter 5, it is shown that by allowing for the
MW-EDM one can explain a number of physical phenomena: the
spin-orbit interaction; the interaction of electrons and nuclei
resulting in parity non-conservation in the optical experiments;
the interaction of two uncharged parallel metal plates in
a vacuum (the Casimir effect); the changing of the size of
a system of electrically charged bodies set in motion, the system
being in equilibrium under the action of electrostatic forces
only. It is shown in Chapter 6 that it is possible to
develop a model of emergence of superconductivity in a molecular
substance, taking into account the interaction of electrons of
the substance due to electrons' MW-EDMs. Such a model allows one
to derive an equation describing the experimentally obtained
temperature dependence of the critical magnetic field for
a superconductor. In the SPV model, the formation of Cooper pairs
can be thought of as a result of spin-spin interaction of the
microparticles (the character of the interaction depends on
mutual orientation of their spins) in the merged core of the
vortices produced by the Cooper pair electrons.
Since, under the SPV model, moving quantum objects produce
vortices in the SPV, then a flow of electrically charged quantum
objects will form a vortex line in the SPV. In Chapter 7
a relation between the velocity circulation around a vortex line
in the SPV and electric current that forms the vortex line is
derived. Experimental and theoretical evidence in favor of
correlation of the SPV velocity and magnetic induction is given.
Chapter 8 is devoted to description of interactions of
objects by means of spin supercurrents arising between the spin
structures produced by the objects in the SPV. It is shown that
the effects of ultra low doses of biologically active substances
or low-intensity electromagnetic radiation on biological objects
is performed through spin supercurrents. Besides, it is shown
that the SPV model can be useful for explaining the results of
some experiments on the remote mental influence (psychokinesis)
on electronic instruments or devices.
In Conclusion, the main physical phenomena which can be
explained in the framework of the model of physical vacuum
having the properties of superfluid 3He-B are outlined.
Liudmila Borisovna BOLDYREVA
Has graduated from Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.
She defended her PhD thesis in MEPHI on processing results
of physical experiments. For 30 years she has been studying
the properties of physical vacuum. The results are published
in 2 books, both in Russian and in English, in more than
40 papers in Russian and foreign journals, and proceedings
of a number of international conferences.