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Summaries
Savelieva, Irina M., Poletayev, Andrei V. Russian Historians in Foreign Journals Article contains analysis of all publications of Russian historians in foreign historical journals, included in the database Web of Science in 1993–2008. The novelty of approach lays in combination of quantitative measures (number of articles and their citation indices) with qualitative analysis of publications. The latter includes distribution of articles by type of journals and by research topics. Authors also trace changes in quantity and content of articles over the period under consideration. Keywords: foreign historical journals, Russian historians, scientific articles, number of citations, Web of Science (WoS). Seregina, Anna Yu. English translations of Catholic texts in the late 16^th – early 17^th centuries The author analyses the translations of Catholic texts made in the 16–17^th cc. and intended for the use of the English Catholics. The study is focused on the corpus of translated texts as well as translators and literary patrons. The choice of books suitable for translation demonstrates that the English Catholic community represented an early example of the success of the principles of post-Tridentine reformed Catholicism among the English Catholic clergy and lay elite. Keywords: Catholic Reform, religious controversy, history of theology, religious education, church history, history of England. Sirotinskaia, Maria M. The City as viewed by the `Young America' (mid-19^th century) The article deals with attitudes towards political and social problems of the "great city" in the mid-19^th century shown by the "Young America", and in particular with views of its journal, the "Democratic Review", and works of Cornelius Mathews who expressed faith in the triumph of civilization over the wilderness. In Perry Miller's view, Mathews tried to capture the impersonality of the metropolis. But this modern theme would be more expedient to associate with Herman Melville. "Young Americans" tended to see the city as the representation of American life, emphasized the cultural and political influence of New York, claiming its "Manifest Destiny". Keywords: Young America, Herman Melville, Cornelius Mathews, History of New York City. Fedin, Andrey V. The idea of `noble savage' in the 17^th century `Jesuit relations' The author addresses the problem of formation and development of a major philosophical concepts of Modern time – idea of `natural man' and its ethnologic basis – idea of `noble savage'. This concept is to be found in `Jesuit relations' from Canada published in France during the 17^th c. Caused by particular missionary problems, these reports became the major source information on life and customs of aboriginal peoples of the North America, both for contemporaries and subsequent generations of thinkers of the epoch of Enlightenment; the latter tended to interpret these sources in terms of `natural state', `natural rights' and `natural religion'. Keywords: Jesuits, New France, missionary, relations, savage, Jansenism, accommodation. Zaichenko, Olga V. "Biedermeier" and "Vorm\"arz": Russia as constituting `other' at Restoration period (diaries of German travellers) The paper analyses the stages in shaping the image of Russia consecutive formation of Russia's image in Germany during the Restoration period (1815–1848) in the context of social and political debates between the conservators and the liberal democrats. The research is based on the analysis of a voluminous array of essays (mainly represented by travel notes) on Russia written by German authors in the early 19th century. The materials were retrieved from the "Rossika" collection in the Russian National Library of St.Petersburg. The contradictory image of Russia described by these documents is considered as an intellectual responses of the conservators and the liberal democrats to the shifts in social and political situation in Germany during the restoration period. Keywords: Russia; Germany; political struggle; liberal russophobia; conservative russophilia. Shneyder, Konstantin I. Historical views of early Russian liberals The article presents an analysis of historical views of early Russian liberals of the mid-19^th century on the basis of methodological concepts of the sociology of knowledge. The author tries to interpret the originality of liberals' conceptual approaches to the national past and specific perception of achievements of the European civilization. Besides, the author tries to prove relevance of considering early Russian liberalism as an independent intellectual phenomenon in the history of Russian social thought. Keywords: Russian history, Early Russian Liberalism, Europeanism, Westernisation, "Protective Liberalism". Kryuchkov, Igor V. Karl Menger in Austrian intellectual space (1860s – early 20^th c.) The article presents a biography of Karl Menger. An outstanding Austrian thinker has influenced further development of European liberalism and the methodology of social sciences. While K.Menger was exploring the theory of subjective value, he realized the necessity of more detailed macro-level research in humanities and economic sciences. Historical and political contexts of Austria of the last third of the 19^th – early 20^th cc., which influenced on Menger`s activity and formation of his point of view, are shown. A great deal of attention is paid to the "dispute about method" between K.Menger and the representatives of German historical school. Keywords: Austria, liberalism, historicism, political-economy, psychology, empire, method. Artamoshin, Sergey V. A `theologian of law': K.Schmitt's Catholic conservatism in search for spiritual continuity The problem of the political power created a basis for public activity of Karl Schmitt. His conservatism was born of the idea that power was an instrument for making a society orderly and secure. Thus the Weimar political system as a system of political parties was seen as chaotic, as a period of parties' fight for the total power which was to be followed by an authoritarian rule of one leader. Keywords : concept of the political power; "friend"-"enemy" distinction; Weimar system; political theology. Nikolaeva, Irina Yu., Kharitonova, Nailya G. Ways of methodological synthesis: the image of Luther and the historical dynamics of Medieval Europe The paper considers the Luther phenomenon as a symbol of historical dynamics in Western Europe. The authors trace two major trends in world historiography of Luter. The first is focused on idea that this peculiarity was determined by mental atmosphere of increased feelings of helplessness and fear of God and rejected the idea that Luther's thought were based on humanistic tradition. Another trend is centered on this content. The authors attempt to examine this contradictory traditions using original interdisciplinary technology; its focus is the sphere of subconscious. Keywords: Reformation, Luther, mentality, identity, valuable purpose, habitus, unconsciousness. Dubina, Vera S. `History of everyday life' in pluralism of cultural turns: Russian and German experience The variety of historical methods could be a result not only of academic impact, but also political and social circumstances. Thus, the establishment of history of everyday life in Russia and Germany derived from different perspectives in spite of the direct influence of German scholarship on the Russian academic community. Political, social and other stereotypes dominated in both societies. Furthermore, the different intentions in writing a history of everyday life defined the role of this method in the scholarship of both countries. Keywords: History of everyday life, methods of historical investigation, scholarship in Russia and Germany. Alimova, Dilorom A. Are there any gender constructions in the historiography of Central Asia of the three epochs (colonial, Soviet and contemporary)? The article deals with social, political and cultural influences that shaped academic literature about women of Central Asia. The author analyses historiography of three epochs – colonial, Soviet and contemporary – in the context of dominant ideologies. Keywords: historiography of Central Asia; images of women in academic literature; gender ideology. Golikova, Svetlana V. Hysterical women (klikushi): documents from the Ural region, 18^th – early 20^th centuries The article analyzes the social and cultural phenomenon of hysteria, its origins and historical transformation and its changing interpretations in secular, religious and medical discourses, using the sources from the Ural region of Russia. A good deal of attention is paid to female bodies and the discipline of body. Keywords: history of Ural region, history of medicine, hysteria and exorcism. Novikov, Igor' A. `Variability' of history: national and local approaches or historical myth-making? The article analyses various aspects of the development of metallurgical districts of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The author suggests that local or national and local approaches enable one not only to overcome myth-making in construing history of post-Soviet states but also to make effective decisions in contemporary practice of national and local government, and would not let politics and ideology prevail over scholarly concerns. Keywords: metallurgical works, region, national and local approach, national history, myth-making. Khudoleev, Aleksey N. Studies of the theory of revolution by Piotr Tkachev in the Soviet historiography of the 1960–70s. The article aims at reconsideration of the interpretations and estimations of the revolutionary theory of P.N.Tkachev present in the Soviet historiography of the late 1960s – 1970s. The author analyzes various approaches to key positions of the theory of Tkachev. Attention is paid to the problems of overcoming biased views of the role and place of Narodnichestvo in the history of Russian revolutionary movement. The author concludes that all interpretations were one-sided and superficial since in the absence of methodological pluralism they were dominated by Marxist concepts. Keywords: P.N.Tkachev, revolutionary theory, Soviet historiography, Narodnichestvo. Pozharov, Alexei I. Debates in the historiography of the Soviet state security services of 1953–1964 The author tried to analyze main trends in historiography that refers to the history of MGB KGB of the USSR in the mid-20^th century and paid particular attention to different judgments and consequences of the Soviet state security services activity. These judgments were expressed at different points within the later 20^th century and the first decade of the 21^st century. One of the main tasks of the author is to show the difficulties and controversies in learning the history of domestic secret services in the past and what factors still make the work of the investigators in this sphere difficult. Keywords: state security services history, MGB-KGB, declassified documents, historic investigations, "Khrushev's thaw", "The Cold War". Boroznyak, Alexander I. A burden of the past lived through: the battle of Stalingrad in the context of philosophical history In the article a little known source on the history of the battle of Stalingrad is analysed. The book in question was written by the former soldier, a German philosopher B.R.Bayer and was published in 1982 when in Germany it was generally viewed as a symbol of sacrifice. At the time some scholars spoke of the need to `get away from the shadow of the Third Reich'. Bayer demonstrated the true meaning of the so-called `last letters from Stalingrad' and presented his analysis of Western German historiography of the decisive battle of the Second World War. Keywords: battle of Stalingrad, Hegel's philosophy, historical sources, history of everyday life. Noskov, Vladimir V. Inventing Central and Eastern Europe (a collective monograph of Polish and French historians `History of Central and Eastern Europe') The article presents a collective work of the Polish and French historians which deals with the common history of Eastern European countries to Russian audience. Attention is paid mainly to the critical analysis of the "Central-Eastern Europe" concept which is considered as an ideological pattern inherited by the modern historiography from the Cold War times as well as an attempt to revive some Rzeczpospolita grandeur' myths. Regarding the main concept on which the book founded as invalid, this reviewer highly estimates the valuable contribution of his Polish and French colleagues to the investigation of many particular problems of Polish, Czech, Hungarian, and other countries' history. Keywords: Central-Eastern Europe, Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, historiography. Selounskaya, Nadezhda A. Famine, abundance and crisis in the mythology of historical memory Massimo Montanari has demonstrated the comparative history approach towards the food history as well as the perspectives of the multidisciplinary research in the medieval studies. The monograph combines the elaborated research strategies (with the elements of popularization) with detailed contextualization of various stereotypes of historical descriptions. Dealing with the study of the material structures Montanari investigates contexts of the rhetoric of power as well as differences of social status together with myths of their origins. Montanari has also puts the focus of research on the moments of historical crises and transformation of society, with reflections of these transformations in historical memory. Keywords: Every-day life structures, food history, history and memory, crisis in history. Shepeleva, Valrntina V. Non-classics, postmodernism and post non-classics and cognitive practice in Russia In this article there is an attempt to determine the parameters of post non-classic paradigm, including its differences from non-classics, postmodernism in terms of modern chaotic theoretical-methodological situation in social humanities, and in Russian historiography based on the works of I.R.Prigozhin and his colleagues, synergy – nonlinearity analysts, V.S.Stepin and other Russian philosophers. Keywords: non-classics, post-modernism, post non-classics, nonlinearity, probability, historicism; historical method. Petrova, Maya S. Biographies of Ancient and Medieval Authors in the context of Humanities The article presents an enlarged programme of a course `Auxiliary historical disciplines: prosopography' for the students of humanities specialized in historical studies (including social, political intellectual history etc.) and the history of Ancient and Medieval philosophy. It is suggested that students are to have taken general courses in history and history of philosophy and auxiliary historical disciplines previously and to be familiar with research methods and classical languages. Keywords: prosopography, source, interpretation, person, epoch, reconstruction. |
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